Evaluation of Telemedicine Effectiveness in Managing Chronic Diseases: A Case Study of Diabetes Patients

Abstract

The growing burden of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a global public health concern, particularly in countries with limited healthcare infrastructure like Indonesia. Managing diabetes requires long-term commitment, including routine monitoring, medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and continuous interaction with healthcare providers. In response to the limitations of conventional health service delivery—especially in rural or underserved regions—telemedicine has emerged as a promising digital innovation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in diabetes management, focusing on its role in improving treatment adherence, facilitating clinical monitoring, and enhancing patient satisfaction. This research employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review method. Secondary data were collected from 10 relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025. These studies cover various aspects of telemedicine in diabetes care, including mobile health apps, artificial intelligence in remote monitoring, patient engagement, and the impact of teleconsultations on glycemic control. The results reveal that telemedicine significantly improves treatment adherence through digital reminders, personalized health coaching, and accessible teleconsultation services. Furthermore, remote monitoring systems help reduce complications by allowing timely clinical decisions. Most patients report high satisfaction due to ease of access, flexibility, and better communication with providers. However, challenges such as technological literacy and unequal access persist. This study concludes that telemedicine, when implemented with supportive infrastructure and inclusive design, is an effective and scalable strategy for chronic disease management in Indonesia.