Exploration of the Effectiveness of Tropical Aromatic Plants as Natural Repellents against Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes

Abstract

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector that causes dengue fever (DHF), chikungunya, and zika which are still a serious threat in various tropical countries, including Indonesia. Dependence on synthetic chemical insecticides has triggered mosquito resistance and negative impacts on human health and the environment. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of tropical aromatic plants as natural repellents against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, as an effort to find safer and more sustainable solutions. The approach used is a literature review by examining ten scientific articles published in 2020–2025 obtained from various reputable databases such as ScienceDirect, MDPI, and SpringerLink. Data were collected through systematic selection based on related keywords such as "tropical aromatic plants", "essential oils", and "Aedes aegypti repellent". The analysis was carried out using a thematic content analysis approach to identify plants, active compounds, and the effectiveness and duration of protection produced. The results of the study showed that plants such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and betel leaves (Piper betle) contain bioactive compounds such as citronellal, eugenol, and linalool which have been proven to provide high repellent effects with a protection duration of 1–3 hours. Several combinations of essential oils even show effectiveness comparable to diethyltoluamide (DEET). This study concludes that tropical aromatic plants have great potential as basic ingredients for natural repellents that are effective, safe, and environmentally friendly. This study is an important basis for the development of mosquito repellent products based on local resources.