Implementation of Smart Farming: Utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to Enhance Productivity and Efficiency in Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture faces challenges such as land degradation, climate change, and resource constraints, requiring innovative technology-based approaches. One potential solution is smart farming with the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) which allows real-time data collection through sensors to support precise agricultural decision-making. This study aims to explore the potential, benefits, and challenges of implementing IoT-based smart farming in Indonesia, as well as formulate effective adoption strategies. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, reviewing 10 recent scientific articles from national and international journals in the last five years. The results of the study show that IoT plays a major role in increasing the efficiency of water, fertilizer, and pesticide use, as well as boosting productivity through automatic monitoring and control. On the other hand, significant challenges include initial investment costs, low digital literacy of farmers, and limited internet infrastructure in rural areas. Case studies from various regions in Indonesia also show that the success of IoT adoption is highly dependent on institutional support, technical training, and policy incentives. With a cross-sectoral approach and strengthening farmer capacity, IoT-based smart farming can be an important pillar in achieving more productive, efficient, and environmentally friendly agriculture.