Convergence of National Interests: A Critical Analysis of Indonesia-China Cooperation on the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway Project

Abstract

This research examines the intersection of national interests between Indonesia and China in the development of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway (HSR), a flagship project under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Southeast Asia. Using a qualitative approach combining document analysis, case study methodology, and theoretical frameworks of national interest and foreign policy, this study analyzes how both countries' strategic objectives manifest in this bilateral cooperation. Research results indicate that the HSR project represents a convergence of complementary interests: Indonesia seeks technology transfer, infrastructure development, and economic growth, while China pursues market expansion, regional influence, and demonstration of its technical capabilities. The study reveals that despite implementation challenges including land acquisition issues, cost overruns, and timeline extensions, both nations have maintained commitment to the project due to its alignment with core national interests. The research identifies how the project fits within Indonesia's domestic development agenda and China's broader BRI strategy, while highlighting tensions between economic benefits and concerns over debt sustainability and sovereignty. This study contributes to the literature by applying a balanced dual-perspective approach to infrastructure diplomacy, demonstrating how developing nations can leverage major power initiatives while pursuing their own strategic objectives. The result is also  suggest an understanding of national interest that extends beyond traditional zero-sum conceptualizations to include cooperative frameworks where mutual benefits coexist with competitive elements.