Evaluating the Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Urban Flooding and Heat Island Effects

Abstract

Rapid urbanization has increased pressure on urban environments, such as flood risk and heat island effects. One of the growing solutions is green infrastructure, which integrates natural elements in urban planning to reduce the negative impact of urbanization. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of green infrastructure in urban flood mitigation and the heat island effect through literature studies. The method used involves qualitative content analysis of scientific articles, technical reports, and official documents published in 2018–2023. The results show that elements such as rain gardens, green roofs, and urban forests significantly reduce waterlogging by increasing water infiltration and retention, as well as lowering air temperatures by 2–4°C in urban areas. In Indonesia, the implementation of green infrastructure has great potential to improve the quality of life of the community, but it still faces challenges in land distribution and technology adoption. These findings underscore the importance of data-driven strategies and progressive policies in implementing green infrastructure to create more resilient cities.