The Journal of the American Institute is a peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to multidisciplinary fields. This journal publishes research articles multidisciplinary sciences, which includes: Social Sciences & Humanities, Technology & Engineering, Health & Medicine, Environmental Studies & Sustainability, Economics & Business, Education & Pedagogy and Law & Politics. Name : Journal of the American Institute E-ISSN : 3066-3776 DOI : 10.71364/JAI Period : Monthly Indexing and Abstracting : Copernicus, Google Scholar Publication Guidelines : COPE Guidelines Publisher : American Journal Press 1st Issues of Publication : 2024
Analysis of Trans-Papua Logistics and Its Impact on Price Disparities in the Papua Highlands Region from the Perspective of Vehicle Operating Costs
This study analyzes the logistics system along the Trans-Papua corridor, focusing on the Jayapura–Wamena route, to assess its impact on regional price disparities in the Papua Highlands. The research examines the Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC) of two primary transport modes—Dump Trucks and Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) vehicles—under different operational conditions, namely with and without return loads. Using a qualitative approach complemented by quantitative calculations based on the Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation No. SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002, data were collected through field observations, structured interviews, and questionnaires involving 30 respondents. The findings reveal that VOCs for Dump Trucks and 4WDs vary depending on load conditions, with averages of Rp 625,737.69/km and Rp 747,802.52/km without return loads, and Rp 656,506.92/km and Rp 848,782.91/km with return loads, respectively. The ideal tariff is determined at Rp 9,000 per kg for Dump Trucks and Rp 7,000–Rp 8,000 per kg for 4WDs. The study further identifies an imbalance between the existing vehicle fleet and optimal operational needs, leading to inefficiencies and higher logistics costs. Policy implications include the need for integrated coordination among government institutions, the optimization of fleet management, and the introduction of incentives to reduce transportation costs. Strengthening logistics governance along the Trans-Papua network is essential to enhance cost efficiency and mitigate regional price disparities in the Papua Highlands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bahtiar Bahtiar, Abraham Abraham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Indonesian National Police's Public Relations Branding Management Strategy in Managing Issues and Crises Regarding Anarchist Demonstrations
In the era of digital transparency, the Indonesian National Police (Polri) faces mounting challenges in maintaining institutional legitimacy amid anarchic demonstrations that threaten public trust. This study analyzes the branding management strategies of Polri’s Public Relations Division (Humas Polri) during the anarchic demonstrations held from August 25–30, 2025. The research aims to explore how issue and crisis communication were managed to preserve the institution’s credibility. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, this study systematically reviews academic publications, reports, and media analyses related to branding management, crisis communication, and police public relations. Data were processed through thematic content analysis to identify strategic patterns and challenges. The findings indicate that Humas Polri employed a three-stage branding strategy: pre-crisis monitoring, real-time crisis communication, and post-crisis recovery. While these efforts ensured message consistency and mitigated misinformation, weaknesses were found in two-way engagement, digital responsiveness, and empathy-based messaging. The research concludes that Polri’s branding approach remains structurally sound but communicatively limited, emphasizing information control over relational trust-building. Strengthening digital engagement, emotional resonance, and institutional coordination are key to improving public perception in future crises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Swastiningsih Swastiningsih, Gatot Repli Handoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Women’s Leadership in BUMDes Management: Empowerment Strategies, Structural Challenges, and Impacts on Local Economic Development
This research examines the role of women’s leadership in the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), focusing on empowerment strategies, structural challenges, and their impact on local economic development. Despite the potential of women to drive economic growth in rural areas, their involvement in leadership roles within BUMDes has been limited by deeply ingrained gender biases and structural barriers. This study employs a library-based research methodology, analyzing primary and secondary data from relevant literature, including books, journals, and previous research on women’s empowerment, leadership in rural development, and local economic growth. The findings reveal that while empowerment strategies such as leadership training and capacity-building have shown positive effects, significant barriers still exist, including cultural norms and lack of access to resources. Women leaders in BUMDes have been found to contribute to more inclusive, sustainable development by focusing on social welfare and long-term community growth. The research underscores the need for policy interventions that support women’s leadership and address gender inequality in rural economic management, ultimately promoting more equitable local economic development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syamsul Rial, Syafei' Ibrahim, Kridawati Sadhana, Febriyanti Angelia Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Agroindustry Development Strategies Based on Renewable Energy in the Era of Global Climate Change
The agro-industrial sector serves as a key driver of economic and rural development in Indonesia, yet its dependence on fossil fuels has led to high production costs, carbon emissions, and environmental degradation. In the context of global climate change, integrating renewable energy into agro-industry offers a promising pathway toward sustainability and competitiveness. This study aims to develop strategic frameworks for sustainable agroindustry development based on renewable energy. Specifically, it seeks to (1) map the current state of renewable energy adoption in Indonesian agro-industries, (2) identify key technological, organizational, and policy barriers, and (3) design strategic pathways for integrating renewable energy within agro-industrial systems. Using a qualitative approach and literature-based research design, this study systematically reviews academic sources, policy documents, and institutional reports from 2018–2025. The analysis employs thematic coding to identify major patterns and strategic directions. Findings reveal that renewable energy integration remains constrained by policy fragmentation (85%), technological limitations (70%), and weak organizational coordination (60%). The study proposes three strategic pathways—technological innovation, institutional coordination, and financial inclusivity—to promote an energy transition in the agro-industrial sector. Overall, the research concludes that adopting a renewable energy–based agro-industry strategy can enhance value-chain efficiency, improve energy resilience, and support Indonesia’s decarbonization agenda.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Bhakti Susetyo, Adiani Purwa Utari, Hamdani Hamdani, Agus Suprapto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of E-Government in Enhancing Administrative Efficiency and Public Service Quality for Society
The rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionized public administration, particularly through the implementation of e-Government aimed at improving administrative efficiency and the quality of public services. This study examines how e-Government contributes to efficiency in local governance and its influence on public service delivery from a citizen perspective. Employing a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, data were collected from scholarly journals, government reports, and official publications retrieved from Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar databases. Content analysis was used to synthesize findings and identify key themes regarding digital transformation in governance. The results show that e-Government enhances administrative efficiency through process automation, data interoperability, and reduction of bureaucratic layers. Moreover, e-Government strengthens public service quality by promoting transparency, accessibility, and accountability, while fostering citizen trust through responsive digital platforms. However, challenges persist, including uneven ICT infrastructure, limited digital literacy, data privacy concerns, and institutional resistance to change. To optimize these benefits, governments must enhance digital infrastructure, improve civil servants’ digital competencies, ensure data protection, and design citizen-centered service systems. This study concludes that e-Government is not merely a technological innovation but a governance transformation that requires institutional integration and citizen engagement to achieve sustainable efficiency and service quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gede Wirata, Mulyaningsih Mulyaningsih, Muhamad Muchsin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Intensive Rehabilitation on Motor Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Productive Age Patients
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, with productive-age individuals (15–64 years) representing a significant proportion of affected populations. Motor impairments following ischemic stroke often result in long-term loss of independence, reduced quality of life, and socioeconomic burden if recovery is not optimized. Intensive rehabilitation—characterized by higher frequency, duration, and task-specific training initiated early after stroke onset—has been increasingly recognized as a promising approach to improve functional recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive rehabilitation on motor recovery among productive-age ischemic stroke patients. A qualitative literature review was conducted by synthesizing evidence from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies published in the last decade. Data were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar using keywords including “ischemic stroke,” “intensive rehabilitation,” “motor recovery,” and “productive age.” The findings consistently indicate that intensive rehabilitation significantly accelerates and enhances motor recovery compared to standard rehabilitation. Early initiation, preferably within the first two weeks after stroke, and adequate frequency of therapy sessions are crucial in maximizing recovery outcomes by leveraging neuroplasticity. Demographic and clinical factors—such as younger age within the productive range, mild to moderate stroke severity, and absence of comorbidities—were associated with better rehabilitation outcomes. In conclusion, intensive rehabilitation provides superior short-term functional improvements and facilitates earlier achievement of independence in productive-age stroke survivors. However, long-term benefits depend on sustained therapy and individualized treatment planning. This study underscores the importance of structured, timely, and intensive rehabilitation strategies to support motor recovery and workforce reintegration among productive-age stroke patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Puguh Kristiyawati, I Gusti Agung Aju Nitya Dharmani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender Equality in Food Policy: Empowering Women Farmers and the Impact on Global Food Security
Gender equality in food policy is a fundamental issue in addressing global food security. Despite women playing a critical role in agriculture, particularly in developing countries, they continue to face systemic barriers that limit their potential. This study explores the importance of gender equality in food policy, focusing on empowering women farmers and its potential impact on global food security. The research employs a qualitative library research method, analyzing existing literature and studies on the topic to understand the challenges women face in agriculture, such as limited access to land, credit, technology, and decision-making processes. The paper examines how overcoming these barriers through inclusive food policies can increase agricultural productivity, improve food security, and enhance nutritional outcomes. It highlights strategies for empowering women farmers, such as securing land rights, providing access to financial services, offering agricultural training, and promoting women’s participation in decision-making. The study concludes that empowering women in agriculture is essential for enhancing food security, offering a pathway to sustainable development and resilience in food systems worldwide. This research underscores the need for gender-sensitive policies that foster equality and inclusivity to ensure a more secure and equitable global food future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Septinus Saa, Fitrine Christine Abidjuju https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy in Learning Mathematics in Junior High School
Mathematics education at the elementary level Junior High School has role strategic in build ability think logical, critical, and analytical participant educate. Deep Learning in context mathematics refers to the approach learning that emphasizes understanding draft in a way deep and meaningful, not just memorize formula or procedure. One of the approaches that can answer challenge the is Culturally Responsive Teaching, namely a learning strategy that values and integrates background behind culture student to in the learning process teach. CRTSE illustrates level teacher's belief in manage class, designing learning, as well as build effective relationships with student from various background culture. In context in this case, Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy becomes draft important to describe belief teacher self in implementing learning strategies responsive culture. The results of the Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy questionnaire show aspect Carry out activity learning cooperative for students who like Work in group. Occupy ranking highest with value 40.7%, Get information about strength academic students and help students for develop connection positive with Friend peers in class, occupy ranking second with value 37%. Identify ways How student communicating at home that may be different from norm school, get information about background behind culture students, designing appropriate instructions with need development students and Arrange parent - teacher conference so that meeting the No scary for parents. occupy order third with value of 33.3%, and aspects other presentation more low.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Kurniawan, Dedi Nurjamil, Ike Natalliasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Traditional Market Regulation Policies in Improving the Welfare of Small Traders
Traditional markets are a cornerstone of Indonesia’s local economy, providing essential goods, supporting small traders, and fostering social cohesion. However, the rapid expansion of modern retail and digital commerce has challenged their competitiveness in terms of convenience, quality, and governance. To address these pressures, the Indonesian government has implemented various market revitalization and regulation policies aimed at improving infrastructure, governance, and trader welfare. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of such policies by examining their impact on small traders, the challenges faced in implementation, and the socio-economic outcomes observed. Using a qualitative literature review method, the study synthesizes findings from journal articles, research reports, policy documents, and government regulations published over the past decade. Content analysis was applied to identify patterns, challenges, and implications related to policy outcomes. Findings reveal that revitalization policies have succeeded in modernizing infrastructure, improving sanitation, and boosting consumer trust, which collectively enhanced traders’ income in several regions. For instance, revitalization in markets such as Wonokromo and Situbondo demonstrated improved business sustainability through better facilities. However, challenges persist, including limited financial resources, weak institutional coordination, rising rental costs, and unequal digital adaptation. Traders with higher literacy and capital benefited disproportionately, while vulnerable groups often experienced marginalization. The study concludes that physical improvements alone cannot guarantee long-term welfare for small traders. Instead, successful revitalization requires inclusive governance, participatory decision-making, and socio-economic empowerment initiatives such as digital literacy training and financial support. These integrated measures are critical to ensuring that revitalization benefits are sustainable and equitably distributed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Novelma Lastri, Jesika Puteri, Variza Aditiya, Suprasman Suprasman, Rudi Hartasetiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing Management to Optimize Online Sales
In the era of digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a strategic enabler in digital marketing management, particularly for optimizing online sales performance. This study explores the roles of key AI functionalities—predictive analytics, conversational AI, and personalization engines—across different stages of the digital marketing funnel. The research is motivated by the growing importance of AI in enhancing customer engagement, targeting precision, and conversion optimization, while also recognizing the challenges firms face in adoption, including resource constraints, ethical concerns, and regulatory issues. The study employed a qualitative literature review, systematically analyzing and synthesizing findings from academic journals, books, industry reports, and empirical case studies published within the last five years. The analysis shows that predictive analytics significantly improves targeting efficiency and click-through rates at the awareness stage, conversational AI enhances engagement and conversion by delivering responsive and personalized interactions, and personalization engines optimize purchase decisions by increasing conversion rates and average order value (AOV). Findings also highlight that AI tools are most effective when integrated into a holistic framework, rather than applied in isolation. The research offers a conceptual model linking AI tools to measurable sales performance metrics and provides implementation guidelines tailored to different organizational contexts, including large enterprises, SMEs, and firms in emerging markets. By integrating AI into digital marketing strategies, firms can achieve not only operational efficiency but also sustainable competitive advantage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mersiana Setiarini, Senny Handayani Suarsa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internet of Things and Its Application in Smart City
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly influenced the evolution of smart cities, with the Internet of Things (IoT) serving as a core enabler. IoT allows interconnected devices to collect, process, and share data in real time, thereby supporting more efficient and sustainable urban management. This study aims to analyze the applications of IoT in smart cities, particularly in Indonesia, by identifying key areas of implementation, evaluating their effectiveness in improving urban services, and exploring related challenges and opportunities. The research employed a qualitative approach using a structured literature study, drawing on academic journals, conference papers, books, and official reports published between 2013 and 2025. Data were collected systematically from international databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect, as well as national sources to incorporate local perspectives. The findings reveal that IoT has been widely applied in urban transportation, energy and environment, disaster management, and healthcare. In Indonesia, initiatives such as Jakarta Smart City, Bandung’s smart street lighting, and IoT-based flood monitoring in Semarang demonstrate tangible improvements in service delivery and citizen satisfaction. However, challenges remain in the areas of infrastructure readiness, digital literacy, cybersecurity, and governance integration. Despite these limitations, IoT offers significant opportunities to strengthen transparency, accountability, and public participation in urban governance. The study concludes that successful IoT adoption in Indonesia requires not only technological readiness but also supportive policies, stakeholder collaboration, and citizen engagement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salman Farizy, Darmin Darmin, Miswadi Miswadi, Rahma Djati Kusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Transformation of Public Services in Improving Community Satisfaction: A Case Study of Local Government Institutions
Digital transformation in public services has become a key agenda worldwide to improve efficiency, transparency, and citizen satisfaction. In Indonesia, it is part of bureaucratic reform aimed at reducing corruption, enhancing accountability, and increasing public participation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital transformation in local government services and evaluate its impact on public satisfaction, while identifying supporting and inhibiting factors. A qualitative literature review method was employed, drawing from peer-reviewed articles, government policy documents, and official reports published between 2019 and 2024. Data collection followed PRISMA principles, and thematic content analysis was applied to identify key themes. Results indicate that digital transformation—when supported by strong leadership, adequate infrastructure, human resource capacity, and third-party collaboration—significantly enhances service efficiency and public satisfaction. Fully integrated digital systems reduce processing times, improve accessibility, and foster trust. However, challenges such as the digital divide, resistance to change, budget constraints, and poor system interoperability remain. A strong positive correlation (r > 0.6) was found between the maturity level of digital implementation and public satisfaction. Strategic recommendations include strengthening infrastructure, improving digital literacy, integrating services, implementing real-time feedback mechanisms, and adopting a hybrid digital-offline approach. These findings highlight that successful digital transformation requires not only technological adoption but also institutional readiness and citizen-centric design to achieve equitable and sustainable improvements in public service quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdurrohmat Fathoni, Enjang Kusnadi, Nizma Yuraida, Salamatul Afiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Customary Law and State Law in Resolving Natural Resource Conflicts in Indigenous Areas
Conflicts over natural resource management in indigenous territories often arise from the misalignment between customary law, rooted in communal traditions, and state law, oriented toward formal regulations and economic interests. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms for integrating customary and state law in resolving such disputes, identify field challenges, and propose policy recommendations to strengthen indigenous rights. Using a qualitative literature review, data were drawn from books, journal articles, legislation, policy documents, and reports—primarily from the past decade—sourced from reputable academic databases. The analysis applied descriptive and thematic content analysis to identify integration models and their effectiveness. Findings reveal three main integration mechanisms: (1) normative-hybrid approaches, where state law formally recognizes customary rights; (2) joint institutional mechanisms involving both indigenous leaders and government agencies; and (3) procedural incorporation of customary processes into formal dispute resolution. While these mechanisms enhance legitimacy, foster compliance, and build trust, they face challenges including legal dualism, weak customary institutions, unclear legal protections, economic-political pressures, and inadequate monitoring. Case studies, such as those from West Kalimantan’s Dayak communities, illustrate both the potential and limitations of hybrid models. Effective integration requires robust legal frameworks, strengthened indigenous capacity, and inclusive monitoring systems. This research underscores the importance of legally and culturally legitimate conflict resolution to promote sustainable environmental management and prevent recurrent disputes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yohanna Y. R. Watofa, Muhammad Amir, Miftakhul Huda, Pitriani Pitriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Perception and Adoption of Green Energy Solutions in Urban Nigeria
This research seeks to understand the situation in urban Nigeria in terms of the awareness, adoption, and perceptions of green energy solutions, as well as reveals the challenges and opportunities available for sustainable development. Using a mixed-methods approach allowed for the integration of various frameworks for the collection and the analysis of data. The evidence indicates that despite the increasing recognition of green energy alternatives, the adoption of such technologies is still lacking primarily due to the high initial cost (mean = 3.49, SD = 3.20), unaffordable financing (mean = 3.64, SD = 3.38), and insufficient technical capacity (mean = 3.51, SD = 3.22). The study points toward the importance of economically feasible and legally stipulated frameworks, and also coordinated public informational outreach efforts related to green energy, focused on advocacy adoption of green energy alternatives, suggesting also public-private-community collaboration. The findings of this study contributes to the efforts of encouraging the adoption of sustainable alternatives and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in Nigeria directed at policymakers, industrialists, and social organizations aimed at sustainable development in Nigeria. The proposed actions of this study will enable Nigeria to endorse green energy technologies, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and progress toward sustainable development. This study also promotes the need for comprehensive approaches to sustainable development through additional research on green energy technologies in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nathan Udoinyang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Hospital Management Information Systems in Improving Integrated Patient Quality and Safety
High-quality and safe healthcare services are critical to modern hospital operations. In the context of rapid digital transformation, Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS) have emerged as key instruments for improving the quality and safety of integrated patient care. This study investigates how HMIS contributes to hospital service excellence by examining system design, operational implementation, and stakeholder involvement. Employing a qualitative literature review methodology, the study analyzed scholarly sources from 2019 to 2025 that focus on the relationship between HMIS and patient safety in Indonesian hospitals. Findings indicate that modular, integrated, and user-centered HMIS designs support real-time data exchange, clinical decision-making, and accurate patient tracking. Operational implementation of HMIS enhances efficiency through digitized workflows, reduces waiting times, and improves transparency in hospital administration. Moreover, HMIS facilitates incident monitoring and reporting mechanisms essential for fostering a patient safety culture. The involvement of hospital leadership, medical personnel, and quality assurance teams is critical in ensuring the system's usability, sustainability, and alignment with institutional goals. This research concludes that HMIS is not merely a technological solution but a strategic framework that transforms hospital services when supported by an adaptive culture, participatory leadership, and evidence-based practices. The paper proposes strategic recommendations for optimizing HMIS to strengthen healthcare delivery in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Magfirah Al'amri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Political Polarization on Social Cohesion Among Youth After the 2024 General Election
This study examines the impact of political polarization on social cohesion among youth following the 2024 general election. With the increasing polarization in political discourse globally, young people—who are often at the forefront of political movements and social change—are particularly susceptible to the effects of ideological divides. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research explores how political fragmentation influences social interactions, trust, and shared values among young people in the aftermath of a highly contentious election. The findings reveal that heightened political polarization has led to a notable decline in intergroup trust and increased social fragmentation among youth, with partisan affiliations significantly shaping their social networks. Moreover, political discussions, both online and offline, have intensified divisions, resulting in the weakening of collaborative efforts across ideological lines. Despite these challenges, the study also identifies emerging forms of resilience, where some youth are actively engaging in dialogue and bridging divides to foster social unity. The implications of these findings suggest that political polarization has a lasting impact on social cohesion, calling for strategies that promote inclusive and constructive political engagement to strengthen community ties in the post-election period. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on political polarization and its effects on social fabric, particularly focusing on its implications for youth in a digitally connected world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jubair Situmorang, Ansar Tohe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Biomarkers for Monitoring Endothelial Function Repair in the Penile Corpus Cavernosum: A Review
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition often associated with endothelial dysfunction, which affects the ability to achieve and maintain an erection. This literature review aims to explore the role of molecular biomarkers in understanding and managing endothelial dysfunction within the penile corpus cavernosum. Through a qualitative, library-based research methodology, the study synthesizes findings from various articles focusing on biomarkers such as nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). These biomarkers play crucial roles in regulating endothelial function, with NO facilitating vasodilation, VEGF promoting endothelial regeneration, and ET-1 contributing to vasoconstriction. Additionally, recent studies have highlighted the relevance of additional molecular markers including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and malondialdehyde (MDA). These biomarkers offer further insights into endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Incorporating their analysis may enhance the diagnostic precision and therapeutic evaluation of pharmacological agents such as tadalafil, particularly in diabetic-induced endothelial injury. The review highlights the impact of oxidative stress and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension in exacerbating endothelial dysfunction and ED. While current therapies, including PDE5 inhibitors, alleviate symptoms, they do not address the underlying endothelial damage. The review emphasizes the potential of biomarker-based therapies targeting endothelial repair, offering a more comprehensive approach to ED treatment. However, challenges remain in translating these biomarkers into clinical practice, and further research is needed to validate their diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The review concludes by proposing future research directions, including the investigation of combination therapies, the validation of novel biomarkers, and the exploration of lifestyle interventions to improve endothelial health in ED patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Made Oka Negara, Bagus Komang Satriyasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method to Improve Operational Performance in Local Manufacturing Industry
The local manufacturing industry plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s economic development, yet faces increasing pressure from globalization, supply chain disruptions, and technological transformation. Amid these challenges, improving operational efficiency and productivity has become imperative. This study aims to analyze the efficiency and productivity levels of manufacturing firms using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. DEA is a non-parametric technique that assesses the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) by comparing inputs (e.g., labor, capital, energy) and outputs (e.g., production, revenue). Using a qualitative approach based on a systematic literature review (SLR), this research synthesizes data from ten academic studies published between 2019 and 2025. Thematic content analysis revealed that DEA is highly effective in identifying efficiency gaps among manufacturing firms, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Studies also emphasized the usefulness of the Malmquist Productivity Index in tracking productivity changes over time. Key findings show that firms integrating digital tools, adopting automation, and investing in workforce development achieve higher efficiency scores. Conversely, those with limited innovation and poor resource management often perform below optimal levels. Additionally, benchmarking through DEA allows underperforming firms to model strategies from more efficient peers. This study concludes that DEA provides actionable insights for enhancing operational performance in local manufacturing. It supports data-driven decision-making, promotes continuous improvement, and helps firms align resource utilization with productivity goals in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Priyo Ari Wibowo, Dominica Maria Ratna Tungga Dewa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Cultural Awareness on English Language Acquisition
The acquisition of English as a foreign language (EFL) is not solely a linguistic endeavor but a deeply cultural process. As English functions globally as a medium for communication, education, and commerce, cultural awareness emerges as a critical factor in effective language acquisition. This study aims to explore the impact of cultural awareness on English language acquisition among EFL learners, particularly within the Indonesian educational context. Employing a qualitative literature review methodology, the research synthesizes findings from ten academic studies published between 2019 and 2025. Thematic content analysis was used to identify patterns related to intercultural competence, sociocultural influences, and culturally grounded instructional strategies. Findings reveal that learners with heightened cultural awareness exhibit better communicative competence, including understanding pragmatics, idiomatic expressions, and appropriate language use in diverse contexts. Integrating cultural elements such as folklore, oral traditions, and digital intercultural experiences enhances both language proficiency and learner engagement. Moreover, culturally responsive pedagogy—such as using local narratives, hip-hop-based phonemic instruction, and comparative cultural projects—proves effective in supporting deeper and more sustainable language development. The study concludes that cultural awareness acts as both a catalyst and a context for English language acquisition. Culturally oriented teaching not only enriches learners’ linguistic abilities but also equips them with the intercultural competence necessary for global interaction. In the Indonesian context, where research on this subject remains scarce, these findings are essential for informing inclusive and adaptive language curricula.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zulfariati Zulfariati, Aldian Yusup, Ade Hilman Maulana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of Organic Fertilizer Cow Manure and Chicken Manure on The Growth of Acacia Tree (Delonix Regia) Nursery
The benefits of acacia tree are antimicrobial, anticancer, anthelmintic, nervous system agent Antifungal,anti inflammatory,antimalarial,antirheumatic,hepatoprotective,nongastroprotective (Chitra et al ., 2011). From the bark and trunk parts of acacia contain tannin, β-sitosterol, leucocyanidin, lupeol saponin, alkaloids, carotene, and flavonoid . The part of the athletic flower that is rich in zeaxanthin. The stem contains tannin, lupeol and β-sitosterol, and the flower contains lectin. The research design used in this part of the research is Randomized Block Design or Randomized Group Design (RDB), with 2 (two) factors. The treatment will be formed with a factorial model. The first factor is the treatment of organic fertilizer for cattle manure at level 4 and the second factor is the treatment for manure for poultry manure at level 4. Each treatment will be repeated three times (3). Treatment totals 16 treatment units. The combination of each treatment will be repeated three (3) times so 48 polybag treatment units are required. Observation of acacia tree growth in polybag will be conducted 2 weeks per month after transplanting to polybag, data will be collected such as height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and stem quantity. Data collected from the research according to the procedure used by the author in this methodology will be analysed with ovarian (analysis of Varian) based on the experimental design used, if there is an influence of the right interaction with the observed variable will continue with the use of different DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). To see the influence of each interaction of factors, use BNT 5% to know about the influence of each treatment and use BNJ 5% to see about the influence of each factor of treatment. Influence of cow manure organic fertilizer and poultry manure organic fertilizer on maximum growth of acacia tree.
Copyright (c) 2025 Inês Sebastiana Pires, Rini Retnowati, Romaldo Martins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Etiquette of Husband and Wife Communication According to Imam Ghazali's Perspective
Communication is the fundamental basis and an essential element in human life, focusing on the relationship between people and involving the delivery or exchange of a message from one individual to another, either face-to-face or through mass media. In fact, through this communication, harmony can also be formed and family relationships can be further strengthened. In this regard, this needs to be emphasized by every individual because without good and effective communication principles and methods in the household, various issues will arise such as misunderstandings between husband and wife, arguments, disputes, hostility, and so on. Therefore, this writing aims to analyze the etiquette of communication between husband and wife from the perspective of Imam Ghazali, a well-known Islamic scholar known for his expertise in fields such as Ethics and Sufism. The methodology of this study uses a qualitative approach through literature review, which involves analyzing documents related to Islamic communication and the works of Imam Ghazali. Therefore, the study results found that every good communication should be based on truth, courtesy, sincere intention, and careful use of words when speaking. This study is also expected to contribute and serve as a reference for all segments of society to implement the etiquette of communication between husband and wife according to Imam Ghazali in order to preserve social harmony and educate the soul and morals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hajah Raudah Hj Sabli, Cecep Soleh Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Political Communication Strategies of Young Candidates to Win the Hearts of Millennial and Gen Z Voters
In recent years, political communication strategies have evolved significantly, particularly with the emergence of Millennial and Generation Z voters, who represent a substantial portion of the electorate in modern democracies. Young political candidates, aiming to win the hearts and minds of these digitally connected and socially aware generations, must adopt innovative approaches to effectively engage with them. This study explores the political communication strategies employed by young candidates to appeal to Millennial and Gen Z voters, focusing on the utilization of digital platforms, social media engagement, and value-driven messaging. The research highlights how candidates leverage social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok to foster direct interaction with voters, create relatable content, and build a personal brand that resonates with younger demographics. Additionally, the study examines the role of authenticity, transparency, and issue-based advocacy, especially on topics such as climate change, education, and social justice, in shaping the political discourse aimed at these generations. By analyzing the strategies of young candidates in recent elections across various global contexts, the paper identifies key trends and factors that contribute to their success in mobilizing Millennial and Gen Z support. The findings underscore the importance of personalized, accessible, and value-driven communication in winning the favor of younger voters, as well as the increasing influence of digital communication in shaping electoral outcomes. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how political communication is adapting to the preferences and behaviors of the new generation of voters, providing valuable insights for political campaigns targeting younger demographics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmara Juana Suhardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Identity Politics in Elections on Social Polarization in Urban Indonesian Communities
This study examines the impact of identity politics on social polarization during elections in urban Indonesian communities. Identity politics, which focuses on group affiliations based on ethnicity, religion, and other social identities, has gained significant prominence in recent electoral processes in Indonesia. This research seeks to understand how identity-based campaigns and political strategies influence social division and collective identity in urban settings. By analyzing the 2019 presidential election as a case study, the paper explores the ways in which political parties and candidates have leveraged religious, ethnic, and regional identities to mobilize voters. Through surveys and interviews with urban voters, the study reveals how such strategies contribute to increased polarization, affecting social cohesion and intergroup relations within diverse urban communities. The findings suggest that while identity politics may enhance political engagement among certain groups, it also exacerbates social cleavages, deepening mistrust and dividing communities along identity lines. The paper highlights the long-term implications of identity politics for the social fabric of urban Indonesia and discusses potential measures to mitigate polarization, emphasizing the importance of inclusive political discourse in maintaining national unity.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Compensation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable at the GPIB Christian Education Foundation
This study examines the impact of organizational culture and compensation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), with organizational commitment as an intervening variable at Yayasan Pendidikan Kristen (Yapendik) GPIB. Conducted over five months (February to June 2025), the quantitative research uses a survey approach and analyzes data with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and SPSS 27.0. The study collected 126 questionnaires, with 117 valid samples. Results show that both organizational culture and compensation positively influence OCB, and organizational commitment mediates these relationships. The findings suggest that enhancing organizational culture and compensation can foster OCB, contributing to organizational success. This study advises management to focus on policies that strengthen employee loyalty and engagement.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Copyright (c) 2025 Hutomo Rotua, Dewi Susita, Corry Yohana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Measuring competitiveness of Village-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia
The topic of competitiveness among Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa) in Indonesia has received limited attention in academic discussions. This study aims to make a measurement of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa) in Indonesia. This research had been conducted an online survey, collecting primary quantitative data from 164 BUM Desa across the country. The research applies the Firm Competitiveness Index (FCI) framework to evaluate these enterprises within the national context, drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) theory, a widely accepted approach in strategic management. Findings indicate that about 40.2% of BUM Desa are moderately competitive, while a larger portion—45.7%—are categorized as having low or no competitiveness. To enhance their competitiveness, BUM Desa must focus on strengthening their capacity in areas such as management and marketing, securing capital (including through crowding mechanisms), building partnerships, and improving leadership.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jimmy Muhamad Rifai Gani, Chandra Wijaya, Retno Kusumastuti, Eka Puspitawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of ESG Factors and Governance in Enhancing Sustainability Reporting Quality and Investment Attractiveness
In today’s business landscape, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors have become central to evaluating corporate sustainability and long-term financial value. Global investors are increasingly prioritizing companies that integrate ESG principles into their strategic frameworks and reporting systems. However, the effectiveness of ESG implementation relies heavily on governance quality, which ensures that sustainability practices are not merely symbolic but embedded into corporate accountability structures. This study aims to explore the role of ESG factors and corporate governance mechanisms in improving the quality of sustainability reporting and enhancing a company’s investment attractiveness. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review method, the research draws insights from 10 peer-reviewed academic sources published between 2019 and 2025. These studies were analyzed through content analysis and thematic synthesis to identify key patterns, strategies, and institutional practices linking ESG performance with investor behavior and disclosure quality. The findings reveal that firms with strong ESG integration and transparent governance tend to produce more credible, comprehensive sustainability reports. Such reports contribute to increased investor confidence, enhanced reputational capital, and access to green financing. In the Indonesian context, regulatory frameworks such as the Financial Services Authority’s Regulation No. 51/POJK.03/2017 have helped institutionalize ESG reporting, although variability in report quality persists. This study contributes to stakeholder and signaling theory by demonstrating how ESG practices serve as strategic tools for aligning corporate objectives with market expectations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Preatmi Nurastuti, Saling Saling, Agus Supriyono, Yosua Giovanni Widjaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Telemedicine Effectiveness in Managing Chronic Diseases: A Case Study of Diabetes Patients
The growing burden of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a global public health concern, particularly in countries with limited healthcare infrastructure like Indonesia. Managing diabetes requires long-term commitment, including routine monitoring, medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and continuous interaction with healthcare providers. In response to the limitations of conventional health service delivery—especially in rural or underserved regions—telemedicine has emerged as a promising digital innovation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in diabetes management, focusing on its role in improving treatment adherence, facilitating clinical monitoring, and enhancing patient satisfaction. This research employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review method. Secondary data were collected from 10 relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025. These studies cover various aspects of telemedicine in diabetes care, including mobile health apps, artificial intelligence in remote monitoring, patient engagement, and the impact of teleconsultations on glycemic control. The results reveal that telemedicine significantly improves treatment adherence through digital reminders, personalized health coaching, and accessible teleconsultation services. Furthermore, remote monitoring systems help reduce complications by allowing timely clinical decisions. Most patients report high satisfaction due to ease of access, flexibility, and better communication with providers. However, challenges such as technological literacy and unequal access persist. This study concludes that telemedicine, when implemented with supportive infrastructure and inclusive design, is an effective and scalable strategy for chronic disease management in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Endah Labati Silapurna, Irma Wesprimawati, Victoria Yulita Fitriani, Fransina Tubalawony, Siti Mahmudah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Corporate Growth Strategy Through Competitive Advantage in the Gypsum Board Industry in Indonesia
The gypsum board industry in Indonesia faces significant challenges in sustaining firm growth amid market competition and dynamic business environments. This study aims to examine the influence of innovation, dynamic capabilities, and agile leadership on sustainable firm growth, with competitive advantage as a mediating variable and product life cycle as a moderating variable. A mixed methods approach was applied, combining quantitative data from 27 managerial respondents analyzed using mediation and moderation regression via SmartPLS, and qualitative data from in-depth interviews with two informants representing companies in growth and decline phases. The findings reveal that competitive advantage significantly mediates the relationship between strategic factors and sustainable firm growth. However, the product life cycle does not show a significant moderating effect. These results highlight the critical role of strengthening competitive advantage as a core strategy to achieve sustainable growth in Indonesia’s gypsum board industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sutanto Sutanto, Sri Widyastuti, Mombang Sihite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revitalization of Aqidah and Moral Education for Generation Z in the Era of Over Information and Social Media: Islamic Character Development Strategy in the Flow of Digital Disruption
n the era of digital disruption, Generation Z—individuals born between 1997 and 2012—faces significant challenges in maintaining strong faith (aqidah) and moral values due to the overwhelming flow of information and the pervasive influence of social media. This study aims to develop effective strategies for revitalizing Islamic character education, especially in the context of moral and religious formation amid the bombardment of unfiltered digital content. Employing a qualitative method through a systematic literature review, this research analyzes more than twenty scholarly works focusing on Islamic education, digital culture, and Generation Z’s moral development. Findings reveal that over-information, identity confusion, spiritual detachment, and distorted online ideologies pose serious threats to youth character building. The study emphasizes that Islamic character education must evolve by integrating digital literacy, contextual spiritual pedagogy, and family-school-community collaboration. Among the proposed strategies are using social media as a platform for interactive Islamic education, developing gamified moral content, embedding digital ethics into the curriculum, and mentoring by digitally literate religious figures. The literature suggests that traditional Islamic education needs to be complemented with modern approaches that engage the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of Gen Z learners. This integrative model is expected to cultivate resilient, ethically grounded, and spiritually aware individuals who are capable of navigating the digital world without compromising their Islamic values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mokh. Ulil Hidayat, Gusnarib A. Wahab, Moh. Arfan Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Service Innovation at PT Pelayaran Dharma Indah at Murhum Port, Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi
This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation methods. Data analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the digital service innovation of PT. Pelayaran Dharma Indah is not yet completely good. This can be described: 1), Customer Satisfaction is not yet completely good, there are still many passengers who do not understand and apply in detail the available digital services, 2), service efficiency, still has obstacles, the implementation of strategies to make the use of services more efficient for users for online bookings is not yet clear and still confusing so that passengers are not interested in buying tickets online. 3), Customer Experience, the digital supervision system for ship passengers is still weak, so passengers are less safe in transacting and have difficulty using ship digital services. 4), Service Sustainability, the digital service system is still weak, there has been no improvement in the system, cooperation and collaboration, clear and systematic evaluation and measurement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmawati Rahmawati, Syahrir Ramadhan, Sa’ad Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0