The Journal of the American Institute is a peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to multidisciplinary fields. This journal publishes research articles multidisciplinary sciences, which includes: Social Sciences & Humanities, Technology & Engineering, Health & Medicine, Environmental Studies & Sustainability, Economics & Business, Education & Pedagogy and Law & Politics. Name : Journal of the American Institute E-ISSN : 3066-3776 DOI : 10.71364/JAI Period : Monthly Indexing and Abstracting : Copernicus, Google Scholar Publication Guidelines : COPE Guidelines Publisher : American Journal Press 1st Issues of Publication : 2024
The Relationship Between Healthcare Professionals’ Therapeutic Communication and Patient Satisfaction in Diabetes Mellitus
Background: In the context of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), effective therapeutic communication is essential for enhancing patients’ understanding of their condition, adherence to treatment, and satisfaction with healthcare services. Previous findings indicate that the main reasons for patient dissatisfaction include healthcare staff communicating too quickly, insufficient number of doctors resulting in brief interaction time, limited competency of healthcare providers, and nurses not being attentive when listening to patient complaints. Objective: To examine the relationship between healthcare professionals’ therapeutic communication and the level of satisfaction among DM patients. Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all patients receiving treatment at the Banda Raya Community Health Center. Data were collected using purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 38 participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test. Results: There was a significant relationship between therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction among Diabetes Mellitus patients, with a p-value of 0.013. Conclusion: The better the therapeutic communication implemented by healthcare providers, the higher the satisfaction of DM patients in managing their healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nilawati Nilawati, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Supriyanti Supriyanti, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Desiana Desiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of AI in LMS to Optimize Digital Learning Management Based on Real-Time Data
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Learning Management Systems (LMS) has revolutionized digital education by enhancing the efficiency, personalization, and adaptability of learning environments. This study employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating literature review and library research, to analyze the implementation of AI technologies in LMS to optimize digital learning management based on real-time data. The research explores the role of AI in automating administrative tasks, providing personalized learning pathways, and enhancing learner engagement through adaptive learning techniques. Findings indicate that AI-driven LMS can predict student performance, identify learning gaps, and recommend tailored content, thus fostering more effective learning experiences. Furthermore, the study highlights the significance of real-time data analytics in tracking student progress and facilitating timely interventions. By synthesizing insights from recent academic publications and case studies, this paper underscores the transformative potential of AI in reshaping digital education landscapes. The research concludes that while AI implementation presents certain challenges, including data privacy concerns and technological barriers, its benefits far outweigh the drawbacks, suggesting that educational institutions should prioritize AI integration to enhance the overall quality of digital learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhsan Ikhsan, Zulkifli Rangkuti, Supardi Supardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Financial Governance and the Speed of Audit Recommendation Follow-Up: Evidence from Indonesian Ministries and Agencies, 2020–2023
This study investigates the temporal dimension of audit recommendation follow-up by Indonesian government ministries and agencies (Kementerian/Lembaga, K/L) within the framework of public financial governance. Using a comprehensive dataset of 12,466 recommendations extracted from the Supreme Audit Board (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, BPK) Semester Audit Summary Reports (Ikhtisar Hasil Pemeriksaan Semester, IHPS) for the period 2020–2023, covering 81 entities across 19 audit units, we apply descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, chi-square analysis, and Pearson/Spearman correlation to examine responsiveness patterns. Our findings reveal that the national median follow-up duration is 224 days (mean = 334.4 days, SD = 267.2), substantially exceeding the 60-day statutory deadline stipulated in Law No. 15/2004. A statistically significant improvement in follow-up speed is observed across years (Kruskal-Wallis H = 1,423.80, p < 0.001), with the median declining from 349 days (2020) to 209 days (2023). However, a paradox emerges: as speed improves, compliance rates deteriorate sharply from 80.1% to 59.3%, suggesting a speed–quality trade-off consistent with symbolic compliance behavior. Chi-square tests confirm a significant association between speed category and compliance outcome (χ² = 276.78, df = 4, p < 0.001). A speed-quality matrix classifies audit units into four strategic quadrants, revealing that five units require priority intervention. The outstanding value of unresolved recommendations amounts to IDR 5.10 trillion. These findings contribute to the literature on supreme audit institution effectiveness and provide actionable evidence for governance reform in emerging economies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hari Haryanto, Teguh Kurniawan, Roy Valiant Salomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhanced Firewall Optimization in Network Design
The escalating complexity and frequency of sophisticated cyber threats necessitate a fundamental shift from traditional, static firewall architectures toward intelligent, adaptive security solutions. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of enhanced firewall optimization strategies through the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning within modern network design. The research systematically reviews contemporary advancements in firewall technologies, including next-generation firewalls, AI-driven intrusion detection systems, and dynamically retrainable security frameworks. A novel methodological framework is proposed that emphasizes network-centric design, incorporating advanced rule set optimization algorithms, real-time traffic analysis, and anomaly detection mechanisms powered by supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning techniques. The system architecture adopts a modular, distributed approach leveraging containerization and microservices to ensure scalability, resilience, and seamless integration with existing network infrastructure. Experimental evaluation utilizing benchmark datasets (including UNSW-NB15, CICIDS2017, and NSL-KDD) demonstrates that AI-enhanced firewalls achieve superior detection accuracy exceeding 99%, significantly reduce false positive rates, and maintain minimal latency compared to conventional rule-based and signature-dependent systems. The incorporation of explainable AI frameworks such as SHAP and LIME further enhances model interpretability, fostering trust and enabling informed decision-making by security analysts. Despite these advancements, challenges persist regarding computational overhead, hyperparameter optimization, and reliance on labeled datasets, underscoring the need for future research into unsupervised learning, standardized experimental datasets, and techno-economic assessments. This paper concludes that AI-driven firewall optimization represents a paradigm shift in cybersecurity, offering proactive, adaptive, and transparent defense mechanisms essential for protecting complex network environments against evolving cyber threats.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riko Herwanto, Sushanty Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Push-Up Variation Training on the Shooting Ability of Basketball Players Among Ninth-Grade Students at Reformasi Plus Noelbaki Junior High School
This study employed a quantitative research method using a one-group pretest–posttest design to determine the effect of push-up variation training on the shooting ability of basketball players among ninth-grade students at Reformasi Plus Noelbaki Junior High School. The population of this study consisted of all students of Reformasi Plus Noelbaki Junior High School. The sample was limited to 20 male students. Data collection was conducted to measure arm muscle strength through push-up variation exercises and to assess basketball shooting ability before and after the treatment. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using the paired sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores after the implementation of push-up variation training. The calculated t-value was 49.00, which was greater than the t-table value (df = 19) of 1.729, and the significance value was 0.00 < 0.05. The improvement in shooting ability after the push-up variation training reached 87.5%. These findings indicate that push-up variation exercises have a significant positive effect on improving basketball shooting ability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tomy Alexander Manehat, Oded Liunokas, Dionisius Wora, Rudobertus Talan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of the Traditional Game “Benteng-Bentengan” on the Motor Skills of Fifth Grade Students at Maol Public Elementary School, Kota Kefamenanu District
This study aims to determine the effect of the “Benteng-bentengan” game on the motor skills of fifth-grade students at Maol Public Elementary School, Kefamenanu City District. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The research design used purposive sampling techniques. The subjects of this study were 43 fifth-grade students of Maol Public Elementary School, divided into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 21 students and a control group consisting of 22 students. The research instrument used was an observation sheet and a motor skills test. Data were collected through observation and tests conducted before and after the treatment. Data analysis was performed using the t-test assisted by SPSS version 25 to determine the differences in results before and after the implementation of the “Benteng-bentengan” game. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ motor skills after the application of the “Benteng-bentengan” game. The average post-test scores were higher than the pre-test scores, indicating a positive effect of the game on students’ motor development. Therefore, it can be concluded that the “Benteng-bentengan” game is effective as a method of physical education learning to improve the motor skills of elementary school students at Maol Public Elementary School, Kefamenanu City District, North Central Timor Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marselus Maf, Rudobertus Talan, Oded Liunokas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Recycled Aggregate Proportion on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete for Sustainable Construction
This research investigates the impact of recycled aggregate (RA) proportion on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete for sustainable construction. The construction industry faces environmental challenges due to the extensive use of natural aggregates, leading to resource depletion and increased carbon emissions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of using recycled aggregates as a substitute for natural aggregates in concrete production, focusing on its effects on compressive strength, tensile strength, and durability. A literature review was conducted, analyzing data from relevant scientific journals, books, and technical reports on recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The findings suggest that while the use of recycled aggregates generally results in a reduction in compressive strength and durability, these effects can be mitigated through proper mix design, the use of supplementary cementitious materials, and improved processing of the recycled aggregates. The study concludes that with proper quality control and mix adjustments, RAC can serve as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete, particularly in non-structural applications, and contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry. Further research is needed to refine guidelines for recycled aggregate use and enhance the performance of RAC in diverse construction applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogie Risdianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Psychological Well-Being on Academic Stress in Employee Class Students at University X Jakarta
Employee class students face many challenges, one of which is dual role conflict, which makes them vulnerable to stress. Academic stress is the perception of excessive academic demands that result in negative bodily reactions, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. Meanwhile, psychological well-being plays a role in resisting impulse temptations, maintaining self-discipline, and preventing emotional disturbances from disrupting performance. This study aims to determine the influence of psychological well-being on academic stress in employee class students at University X, especially in the Jakarta area. The study used a quantitative method with a research sample of 100 respondents. Demographic data such as gender, age, semester level, status, work hours, and faculty were used by researchers to describe the correlation between psychological well-being and academic stress in employee class students at University X Jakarta. The scales used in this study were the academic stress scale or Student Life Stress Inventory (SLSI) from Gadzella with 51 items and the psychological well-being scale or psychological well-being scale (PWBS) from Ryff with 42 items. The results showed that there was a significant negative influence and correlation between psychological well-being and academic stress. However, no significant differences were found between gender, status, faculty and working time groups with psychological well-being variables and academic stress variables in this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahrur Rizal, Abdullah Azmi, Ahmad Tri Destono, Zainun Mu'tadin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Correlation Between Leg Muscle Explosive Power and Long Jump Performance Using the Hang Style in Fifth-Grade Male Students at Dendeng Public Elementary School, Kupang Regency
This study aims to determine the correlation between leg muscle explosive power and long jump performance using the hang style among fifth grade students of SDN Dendeng. The research employed a correlational method with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of fifth grade students selected through purposive sampling. The instrument used to measure leg muscle explosive power was the vertical jump test, while long jump performance was measured by the students’ best jump results. Data were analyzed using the Product Moment correlation test. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between leg muscle explosive power and long jump performance in the hang style. The correlation coefficient obtained falls into the strong category, meaning that the better the students’ leg muscle explosive power, the higher their long jump performance. Thus, it can be concluded that leg muscle explosive power plays an important role in supporting students’ achievement in long jump using the hang style.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Brito, Timoteus Ajito, Rudobertus Talan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Leg Muscle Length and 60-Meter Sprint Speed Performance Among Upper-Grade Male Students at Maol State Elementary School, Kefamenanu
This study aims to determine the relationship between leg muscle length and 60-meter sprint performance among upper-grade male students at Maol Kefamenanu Public Elementary School. The research is grounded in the importance of anthropometric factors—particularly leg muscle length—in supporting sprint performance among elementary school–aged children. The study employed a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The population consisted of 21 male students, all of whom were included as samples using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were a measuring tape to assess leg muscle length and a 60-meter sprint test to measure running performance. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation formula. The results showed a correlation value of r = –0.842, indicating a very strong negative relationship between leg muscle length and 60-meter sprint time. The calculated t-value (6.70) exceeded the critical t-value (2.093), leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. This indicates that the longer the leg muscles, the faster the students complete the 60-meter sprint. Therefore, it can be concluded that leg muscle length makes a significant contribution to sprint performance. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for physical education teachers in designing training programs that consider students’ physical characteristics and as supporting literature for future research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kanisius Talan, Timoteus Ajito, Dionisius Wora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of the Traditional Tebe Dance on Lower Limb and Thigh Muscle Strength among Students of SDI Besterin in Malaka Regency
Integrating local culture into physical education offers an effective strategy to improve students’ physical fitness while preserving cultural heritage. The traditional Tebe Dance from Timor involves rhythmic foot stamping, light jumping, and dynamic movements that actively engage the lower limb and thigh muscles, which are essential for children’s motor development. This study aimed to examine the effect of traditional Tebe dance training on lower limb and thigh muscle strength among elementary school students. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving 25 students aged 9–12 years at SDI Besterin, Malaka Regency. Participants followed a structured Tebe dance training program for two months. Muscle strength, endurance, speed, and recovery were measured using the Wall Sit Test, Vertical Jump Test, 30-meter Sprint Test, and Step Test. Data were analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests followed by a paired sample t-test. The results showed significant improvements in all measured variables (p < 0.05), including increased muscle endurance and explosive strength, faster sprint performance, and improved cardiorespiratory recovery. These findings indicate that traditional Tebe dance is an effective, enjoyable, and culturally relevant physical activity that enhances lower limb and thigh muscle performance among elementary school students and can be integrated into school physical education programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Gaudensia Seran, Rudobertus Talan, Timotius Ajito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Forest Carbon Sequestration and Biodiversity in Tropical Ecosystems
This study assesses the impact of climate change on forest carbon sequestration and biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. Tropical forests play a critical role in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon and supporting biodiversity, but they are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. The main objective of this research is to evaluate how these climate variables affect the carbon storage capacity and biodiversity of tropical forests. Using a library research methodology, the study gathers primary data from scientific books, journal articles, and previous research on climate change and tropical ecosystems. Secondary data includes relevant literature on the broader impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. The findings show that climate change has led to a significant reduction in carbon sequestration capacity and biodiversity loss in tropical forests. The decline in biodiversity and carbon storage capacity is further exacerbated by extreme weather events, such as forest fires. The study concludes that integrated conservation strategies, including sustainable forest management and local community involvement, are essential to mitigating these impacts and ensuring the long-term resilience of tropical forests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zeth Parinding, Sushardi Sushardi, Lydia Riekie Parera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Social Media in Influencing Communication Patterns of Generation Z in the Digital Era
The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed communication practices, particularly through the widespread use of social media. Generation Z, as digital natives, relies heavily on social media platforms as primary spaces for interaction, self-expression, and relationship building. This study aims to analyze the role of social media in influencing the communication patterns of Generation Z in the digital era and to identify the social implications of these changes. The study employs a qualitative research approach using a literature review design. Data were obtained from peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books, and credible research reports related to social media, digital communication, and Generation Z. The collected literature was analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify recurring patterns, dominant themes, and theoretical perspectives. The findings indicate that social media significantly shapes Generation Z’s communication patterns, which are characterized by concise, fast-paced, visually oriented, and informal interactions. Social media platforms also influence how Generation Z constructs meaning, maintains social relationships, and participates in public discourse. While these communication patterns enhance connectivity, participation, and self-expression, they also pose challenges related to reduced interpersonal depth, miscommunication, and algorithm-driven information exposure. Overall, the study highlights the dual role of social media as both an enabler and a challenge in Generation Z’s communication behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulasminarti Sulasminarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Management in Addressing Global Business Dynamics
The increasing complexity and volatility of the global business environment have intensified the strategic challenges faced by organizations operating across national boundaries. Rapid technological change, digital transformation, geopolitical uncertainty, and sustainability pressures require firms to adopt strategic management approaches that are adaptive, integrative, and dynamic. This study aims to analyze the role of strategic management in addressing global business dynamics by synthesizing relevant theoretical and empirical literature. Employing a qualitative research design with a literature study approach, this research is based on library research that systematically reviews peer-reviewed academic journals and authoritative publications related to strategic management, dynamic capabilities, and global business strategy. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify recurring patterns, key concepts, and dominant theoretical perspectives. The findings indicate that strategic management functions as a central mechanism for aligning organizational capabilities with rapidly changing global environments. Dynamic capabilities and strategic flexibility emerge as critical elements that enable firms to sense opportunities, respond to environmental disruptions, and reconfigure resources effectively. Additionally, the ability to balance global integration and local responsiveness, supported by digital transformation and strategic leadership, is found to be essential for sustaining competitiveness in global markets. This study contributes to the strategic management literature by offering an integrative conceptual understanding of how firms navigate global business dynamics through adaptive strategic management processes. Practically, the findings provide insights for managers in designing flexible and learning-oriented strategies to enhance organizational resilience and long-term performance in an increasingly uncertain global context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Manuel Branco, Lucio Marcal Gomes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of Digitalization and Green HRM in Developing Green Human Resources in Tourism Destinations
The integration of digitalization and Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) in tourism destinations represents a strategic approach to developing a workforce that can effectively support sustainable tourism practices. This qualitative study, using a literature review methodology, explores the synergies between digital tools and Green HRM practices and how these can enhance the development of green human resources in the tourism sector. The findings indicate that digitalization, through platforms such as AI-based HR analytics, e-learning tools, and performance management systems, plays a significant role in optimizing HR processes and aligning them with sustainability goals. By integrating digital tools, tourism organizations can improve employee competencies in environmental management, streamline recruitment, enhance training programs, and provide real-time performance feedback. However, the research also identifies challenges, including insufficient digital infrastructure in developing regions, resistance to change, and the high costs associated with digital transformation. Despite these barriers, the study highlights the positive impact of digital-Green HRM integration on organizational sustainability and competitiveness, especially in attracting eco-conscious tourists and skilled employees. The study concludes by recommending further research on the adaptation of digital tools to different tourism contexts and the long-term effects of digital-Green HRM integration.
Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM)
Copyright (c) 2026 Syech Idrus, I Made Murdana, Uwi Martayadi, I Gede Angga Permata, Muharis Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Counter-Narrative Strategies of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah in Online Deradicalization Efforts
The development of information technology has created new spaces for the spread of ideologies, including radicalism. Intolerant, anti-nationalist, and violent narratives based on religion circulate widely through social media, video channels, and anonymous websites. In this context, mainstream religious organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah play a crucial role as producers of moderate religious counter-narratives. This article examines the strategies of these two organizations in producing, disseminating, and strengthening digital-based deradicalization narratives. Through a literature review of organizational documents, previous research, and official digital publications, this article shows that NU and Muhammadiyah's digital deradicalization efforts are carried out through three main focuses: (1) reconstructing moderate religious discourse; (2) establishing a digital media ecosystem; and (3) strengthening public religious literacy. These findings confirm that NU and Muhammadiyah's moderate religious counter-narratives are an important foundation for maintaining a healthy digital space free from the penetration of radical ideology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Henik Al Husnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Christian Religious Education in Shaping Student Character in the Digital Era
The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed educational practices and students’ moral environments. While digitalization offers broad access to information and learning resources, it also poses serious challenges to students’ character formation, including moral relativism, declining empathy, and unethical online behavior. In this context, Christian Religious Education (CRE) plays a strategic role in nurturing faith-based character and ethical awareness among students living in the digital era. This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education in shaping students’ character amid digital challenges. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature study design. Data were collected from scholarly journals, academic books, and relevant research publications published between 2018 and 2025. The data were analyzed using content analysis through stages of data reduction, thematic organization, and interpretation. The findings indicate that Christian Religious Education contributes significantly to character formation by integrating Christian values with digital literacy, ethical reflection, and contextual pedagogy. CRE teachers act as moral change agents who model Christian virtues and guide students in applying faith-based principles to their digital behavior. The study concludes that CRE, when implemented through contextual, creative, and reflective approaches, can effectively form students’ moral resilience, ethical digital citizenship, and Christ-centered character in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hermania Bhoki, Oksje Magriet Olfie Rumagit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Independent Curriculum Implementation Through Enhancement of Students’ Collaborative and Creative Skills
The Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) represents Indonesia’s current educational reform aimed at promoting student-centered learning, flexibility, and the development of 21st-century competencies. This study evaluates the implementation of the Independent Curriculum with a specific focus on its effectiveness in enhancing students’ collaborative and creative skills. Using a qualitative methodology through a structured literature review, this research synthesizes empirical studies, policy documents, and theoretical frameworks related to project-based learning (PjBL), problem-based learning (PBL), and inquiry-based learning (IBL). The findings reveal that curriculum strategies grounded in authentic tasks, social interdependence, iterative reflection, and student autonomy significantly contribute to strengthening collaboration and creativity. Evidence also shows that teacher facilitation, professional competence, and supportive learning environments are critical in translating curriculum principles into classroom practices. However, practical challenges—such as limited teacher readiness, inadequate digital literacy, constrained resources, and rigid school structures—continue to hinder optimal implementation. Overall, the Independent Curriculum demonstrates strong potential to foster collaborative and creative learning when implemented systematically and supported by adequate professional development. The study highlights the importance of sustained teacher training, authentic project design, and institutional readiness to maximize the curriculum’s impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Johannis Siahaya, Ihrof Muzarodin, Mieke Mandagi, Reni Sularsih, Yudhistira Ade Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Education and Professional Certification in Enhancing the Quality of Tourism Human Resources Toward Achieving Sustainable and Inclusive Tourism
Tourism continues to play a strategic role in economic development, yet the quality of tourism services depends heavily on the competence and professionalism of human resources. However, many tourism workers still face challenges in meeting industry standards due to limited educational background and inadequate skill development. This study aims to analyze the contribution of formal tourism education, the role of professional certification, and their integration in improving the quality of tourism human resources toward sustainable and inclusive tourism. Using a qualitative literature study, the research reviews academic publications, policy documents, and certification guidelines to identify thematic patterns related to competency development, standardization, and sustainability. The findings indicate that formal tourism education strengthens theoretical knowledge, essential soft skills, and professional attitudes, while certification ensures industry-recognized standards and measurable competencies. The integration of both mechanisms enhances service quality, environmental awareness, and community engagement—core pillars of sustainable and inclusive tourism. The study concludes that aligning education and certification is essential for preparing a competent, ethical, and sustainability-oriented tourism workforce. Strengthening collaboration between educational institutions, certification bodies, and industry stakeholders is therefore critical for long-term tourism development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tarida Marlin Surya Manurung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Trans-Papua Logistics and Its Impact on Price Disparities in the Papua Highlands Region from the Perspective of Vehicle Operating Costs
This study analyzes the logistics system along the Trans-Papua corridor, focusing on the Jayapura–Wamena route, to assess its impact on regional price disparities in the Papua Highlands. The research examines the Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC) of two primary transport modes—Dump Trucks and Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) vehicles—under different operational conditions, namely with and without return loads. Using a qualitative approach complemented by quantitative calculations based on the Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation No. SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002, data were collected through field observations, structured interviews, and questionnaires involving 30 respondents. The findings reveal that VOCs for Dump Trucks and 4WDs vary depending on load conditions, with averages of Rp 625,737.69/km and Rp 747,802.52/km without return loads, and Rp 656,506.92/km and Rp 848,782.91/km with return loads, respectively. The ideal tariff is determined at Rp 9,000 per kg for Dump Trucks and Rp 7,000–Rp 8,000 per kg for 4WDs. The study further identifies an imbalance between the existing vehicle fleet and optimal operational needs, leading to inefficiencies and higher logistics costs. Policy implications include the need for integrated coordination among government institutions, the optimization of fleet management, and the introduction of incentives to reduce transportation costs. Strengthening logistics governance along the Trans-Papua network is essential to enhance cost efficiency and mitigate regional price disparities in the Papua Highlands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bahtiar Bahtiar, Abraham Abraham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Indonesian National Police's Public Relations Branding Management Strategy in Managing Issues and Crises Regarding Anarchist Demonstrations
In the era of digital transparency, the Indonesian National Police (Polri) faces mounting challenges in maintaining institutional legitimacy amid anarchic demonstrations that threaten public trust. This study analyzes the branding management strategies of Polri’s Public Relations Division (Humas Polri) during the anarchic demonstrations held from August 25–30, 2025. The research aims to explore how issue and crisis communication were managed to preserve the institution’s credibility. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, this study systematically reviews academic publications, reports, and media analyses related to branding management, crisis communication, and police public relations. Data were processed through thematic content analysis to identify strategic patterns and challenges. The findings indicate that Humas Polri employed a three-stage branding strategy: pre-crisis monitoring, real-time crisis communication, and post-crisis recovery. While these efforts ensured message consistency and mitigated misinformation, weaknesses were found in two-way engagement, digital responsiveness, and empathy-based messaging. The research concludes that Polri’s branding approach remains structurally sound but communicatively limited, emphasizing information control over relational trust-building. Strengthening digital engagement, emotional resonance, and institutional coordination are key to improving public perception in future crises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Swastiningsih Swastiningsih, Gatot Repli Handoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Women’s Leadership in BUMDes Management: Empowerment Strategies, Structural Challenges, and Impacts on Local Economic Development
This research examines the role of women’s leadership in the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), focusing on empowerment strategies, structural challenges, and their impact on local economic development. Despite the potential of women to drive economic growth in rural areas, their involvement in leadership roles within BUMDes has been limited by deeply ingrained gender biases and structural barriers. This study employs a library-based research methodology, analyzing primary and secondary data from relevant literature, including books, journals, and previous research on women’s empowerment, leadership in rural development, and local economic growth. The findings reveal that while empowerment strategies such as leadership training and capacity-building have shown positive effects, significant barriers still exist, including cultural norms and lack of access to resources. Women leaders in BUMDes have been found to contribute to more inclusive, sustainable development by focusing on social welfare and long-term community growth. The research underscores the need for policy interventions that support women’s leadership and address gender inequality in rural economic management, ultimately promoting more equitable local economic development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syamsul Rial, Syafei' Ibrahim, Kridawati Sadhana, Febriyanti Angelia Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Agroindustry Development Strategies Based on Renewable Energy in the Era of Global Climate Change
The agro-industrial sector serves as a key driver of economic and rural development in Indonesia, yet its dependence on fossil fuels has led to high production costs, carbon emissions, and environmental degradation. In the context of global climate change, integrating renewable energy into agro-industry offers a promising pathway toward sustainability and competitiveness. This study aims to develop strategic frameworks for sustainable agroindustry development based on renewable energy. Specifically, it seeks to (1) map the current state of renewable energy adoption in Indonesian agro-industries, (2) identify key technological, organizational, and policy barriers, and (3) design strategic pathways for integrating renewable energy within agro-industrial systems. Using a qualitative approach and literature-based research design, this study systematically reviews academic sources, policy documents, and institutional reports from 2018–2025. The analysis employs thematic coding to identify major patterns and strategic directions. Findings reveal that renewable energy integration remains constrained by policy fragmentation (85%), technological limitations (70%), and weak organizational coordination (60%). The study proposes three strategic pathways—technological innovation, institutional coordination, and financial inclusivity—to promote an energy transition in the agro-industrial sector. Overall, the research concludes that adopting a renewable energy–based agro-industry strategy can enhance value-chain efficiency, improve energy resilience, and support Indonesia’s decarbonization agenda.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Bhakti Susetyo, Adiani Purwa Utari, Hamdani Hamdani, Agus Suprapto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of E-Government in Enhancing Administrative Efficiency and Public Service Quality for Society
The rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionized public administration, particularly through the implementation of e-Government aimed at improving administrative efficiency and the quality of public services. This study examines how e-Government contributes to efficiency in local governance and its influence on public service delivery from a citizen perspective. Employing a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, data were collected from scholarly journals, government reports, and official publications retrieved from Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar databases. Content analysis was used to synthesize findings and identify key themes regarding digital transformation in governance. The results show that e-Government enhances administrative efficiency through process automation, data interoperability, and reduction of bureaucratic layers. Moreover, e-Government strengthens public service quality by promoting transparency, accessibility, and accountability, while fostering citizen trust through responsive digital platforms. However, challenges persist, including uneven ICT infrastructure, limited digital literacy, data privacy concerns, and institutional resistance to change. To optimize these benefits, governments must enhance digital infrastructure, improve civil servants’ digital competencies, ensure data protection, and design citizen-centered service systems. This study concludes that e-Government is not merely a technological innovation but a governance transformation that requires institutional integration and citizen engagement to achieve sustainable efficiency and service quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gede Wirata, Mulyaningsih Mulyaningsih, Muhamad Muchsin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Social Media Engagement in Shaping Brand Perception Among Gen Z Consumers
This study explores how social media engagement influences brand perception among Generation Z consumers in Indonesia. As a generation deeply immersed in digital culture, Gen Z perceives brands not merely through products but through digital interactions that reflect authenticity, values, and creativity. The research aims to identify the key dimensions of social media engagement—active interaction, visual content, authenticity, and influencer roles—and examine how these dimensions shape brand perception through the mediating factors of brand experience and brand trust. Using a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, data were collected from peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024. Thematic analysis was applied to synthesize findings from multiple sources. Results indicate that active engagement (likes, comments, and shares) enhances emotional attachment and brand relevance; visual consistency strengthens aesthetic connection; authenticity fosters trust and transparency; and influencer credibility plays a key mediating role in building brand credibility. Furthermore, the study highlights that brand experience partially mediates the effect of social media engagement on brand perception, while brand trust fully mediates authenticity and influencer relationships. These findings offer practical insights for Indonesian marketers seeking to strengthen Gen Z loyalty through authentic, value-driven, and culturally resonant digital strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mashur Razak, Moses Lorensius Parlinggoman Hutabarat, Adi Sucipto, Alifia Siti Chairunissa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Intensive Rehabilitation on Motor Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Productive Age Patients
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, with productive-age individuals (15–64 years) representing a significant proportion of affected populations. Motor impairments following ischemic stroke often result in long-term loss of independence, reduced quality of life, and socioeconomic burden if recovery is not optimized. Intensive rehabilitation—characterized by higher frequency, duration, and task-specific training initiated early after stroke onset—has been increasingly recognized as a promising approach to improve functional recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive rehabilitation on motor recovery among productive-age ischemic stroke patients. A qualitative literature review was conducted by synthesizing evidence from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies published in the last decade. Data were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar using keywords including “ischemic stroke,” “intensive rehabilitation,” “motor recovery,” and “productive age.” The findings consistently indicate that intensive rehabilitation significantly accelerates and enhances motor recovery compared to standard rehabilitation. Early initiation, preferably within the first two weeks after stroke, and adequate frequency of therapy sessions are crucial in maximizing recovery outcomes by leveraging neuroplasticity. Demographic and clinical factors—such as younger age within the productive range, mild to moderate stroke severity, and absence of comorbidities—were associated with better rehabilitation outcomes. In conclusion, intensive rehabilitation provides superior short-term functional improvements and facilitates earlier achievement of independence in productive-age stroke survivors. However, long-term benefits depend on sustained therapy and individualized treatment planning. This study underscores the importance of structured, timely, and intensive rehabilitation strategies to support motor recovery and workforce reintegration among productive-age stroke patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Puguh Kristiyawati, I Gusti Agung Aju Nitya Dharmani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender Equality in Food Policy: Empowering Women Farmers and the Impact on Global Food Security
Gender equality in food policy is a fundamental issue in addressing global food security. Despite women playing a critical role in agriculture, particularly in developing countries, they continue to face systemic barriers that limit their potential. This study explores the importance of gender equality in food policy, focusing on empowering women farmers and its potential impact on global food security. The research employs a qualitative library research method, analyzing existing literature and studies on the topic to understand the challenges women face in agriculture, such as limited access to land, credit, technology, and decision-making processes. The paper examines how overcoming these barriers through inclusive food policies can increase agricultural productivity, improve food security, and enhance nutritional outcomes. It highlights strategies for empowering women farmers, such as securing land rights, providing access to financial services, offering agricultural training, and promoting women’s participation in decision-making. The study concludes that empowering women in agriculture is essential for enhancing food security, offering a pathway to sustainable development and resilience in food systems worldwide. This research underscores the need for gender-sensitive policies that foster equality and inclusivity to ensure a more secure and equitable global food future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Septinus Saa, Fitrine Christine Abidjuju https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy in Learning Mathematics in Junior High School
Mathematics education at the elementary level Junior High School has role strategic in build ability think logical, critical, and analytical participant educate. Deep Learning in context mathematics refers to the approach learning that emphasizes understanding draft in a way deep and meaningful, not just memorize formula or procedure. One of the approaches that can answer challenge the is Culturally Responsive Teaching, namely a learning strategy that values and integrates background behind culture student to in the learning process teach. CRTSE illustrates level teacher's belief in manage class, designing learning, as well as build effective relationships with student from various background culture. In context in this case, Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy becomes draft important to describe belief teacher self in implementing learning strategies responsive culture. The results of the Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy questionnaire show aspect Carry out activity learning cooperative for students who like Work in group. Occupy ranking highest with value 40.7%, Get information about strength academic students and help students for develop connection positive with Friend peers in class, occupy ranking second with value 37%. Identify ways How student communicating at home that may be different from norm school, get information about background behind culture students, designing appropriate instructions with need development students and Arrange parent - teacher conference so that meeting the No scary for parents. occupy order third with value of 33.3%, and aspects other presentation more low.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Kurniawan, Dedi Nurjamil, Ike Natalliasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Traditional Market Regulation Policies in Improving the Welfare of Small Traders
Traditional markets are a cornerstone of Indonesia’s local economy, providing essential goods, supporting small traders, and fostering social cohesion. However, the rapid expansion of modern retail and digital commerce has challenged their competitiveness in terms of convenience, quality, and governance. To address these pressures, the Indonesian government has implemented various market revitalization and regulation policies aimed at improving infrastructure, governance, and trader welfare. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of such policies by examining their impact on small traders, the challenges faced in implementation, and the socio-economic outcomes observed. Using a qualitative literature review method, the study synthesizes findings from journal articles, research reports, policy documents, and government regulations published over the past decade. Content analysis was applied to identify patterns, challenges, and implications related to policy outcomes. Findings reveal that revitalization policies have succeeded in modernizing infrastructure, improving sanitation, and boosting consumer trust, which collectively enhanced traders’ income in several regions. For instance, revitalization in markets such as Wonokromo and Situbondo demonstrated improved business sustainability through better facilities. However, challenges persist, including limited financial resources, weak institutional coordination, rising rental costs, and unequal digital adaptation. Traders with higher literacy and capital benefited disproportionately, while vulnerable groups often experienced marginalization. The study concludes that physical improvements alone cannot guarantee long-term welfare for small traders. Instead, successful revitalization requires inclusive governance, participatory decision-making, and socio-economic empowerment initiatives such as digital literacy training and financial support. These integrated measures are critical to ensuring that revitalization benefits are sustainable and equitably distributed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Novelma Lastri, Jesika Puteri, Variza Aditiya, Suprasman Suprasman, Rudi Hartasetiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing Management to Optimize Online Sales
In the era of digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a strategic enabler in digital marketing management, particularly for optimizing online sales performance. This study explores the roles of key AI functionalities—predictive analytics, conversational AI, and personalization engines—across different stages of the digital marketing funnel. The research is motivated by the growing importance of AI in enhancing customer engagement, targeting precision, and conversion optimization, while also recognizing the challenges firms face in adoption, including resource constraints, ethical concerns, and regulatory issues. The study employed a qualitative literature review, systematically analyzing and synthesizing findings from academic journals, books, industry reports, and empirical case studies published within the last five years. The analysis shows that predictive analytics significantly improves targeting efficiency and click-through rates at the awareness stage, conversational AI enhances engagement and conversion by delivering responsive and personalized interactions, and personalization engines optimize purchase decisions by increasing conversion rates and average order value (AOV). Findings also highlight that AI tools are most effective when integrated into a holistic framework, rather than applied in isolation. The research offers a conceptual model linking AI tools to measurable sales performance metrics and provides implementation guidelines tailored to different organizational contexts, including large enterprises, SMEs, and firms in emerging markets. By integrating AI into digital marketing strategies, firms can achieve not only operational efficiency but also sustainable competitive advantage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mersiana Setiarini, Senny Handayani Suarsa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0